Mediating Role of Myokines in the Dialogue Between Muscle and Bone Tissue in a Population of Healthy Women Aged 20-89 Years

36 ml of blood in 3 x 7 ml dry tubes, 1 x 5 ml EDTA tube, 1 x 5 ml heparinized tube, 1 x 5 ml anti-protease tube)

5 ml of saliva will be taken.

The grip strength of the dominant arm will be measured with the participant in a standing position, with the arm close to the body and the elbow at 90◦ flexion, while the non-dominant arm will be positioned alongside the body. Three measurements will be taken for the dominant hand, and the mean value will be calculated and used for analysis. One minute is allowed between each repetition, to avoid muscle fatigue. Dynamometer quality control is ensured by regularly checking known resistance values.

The microFET2 device is used to test isometric force. The microFET2 dynamometer is battery-powered and ergonomically designed to fit in the palm of the hand. The system is microprocessor-controlled to provide accurate, repeatable muscle force readings. The microFET Clinical software automatically performs calculations and validity tests, and allows graphs to be generated from the data, enabling reports of different patient tests to be compared

The maximal isometric knee extension strength test on a specially-adapted strength bench consists in performing 3 maximal contractions with 1 minute's rest between each test.

Battery of tests comprising a balance test, a walking speed test and a chair-lift test

Muscular function will be determined by the 6-minute walk test to assess aerobic endurance. Participants will be asked to walk for 6 min as fast as possible on a shuttle track. The distance (m) covered in 6 min will be measured. Walking speed (m/s) will be calculated as the distance (m) covered in 6 min. A walking speed \<0.8 m/s has been defined as a low value.

Segmental impedancemetry involves measuring body composition using the body's resistance to the passage of a low-intensity electric current. This test is harmless to the body.

An Indirect calorimetry is the standard method for measuring energy expenditure at rest. It is based on the principle that the human body burns nutrients using O2 and producing CO2.

Completion of a questionnaires on calcium intake (Fardellone)

The ONAPS questionnaire contains questions on physical activity and sedentariness

The dietary intake questionnaire contains questions regarding the person's eating habits - how many meals a day, where they eat, whether they eat alone, what foods they eat/drink and whether they are following a particular diet and, if so, the reasons why.