Effectiveness of Upright vs. Lithotomy Birthing Position on Maternal and Newborn Outcomes

This intervention involves encouraging participants to use an upright position during labor and delivery, which may include : squatting, based on their preference and comfort level. Healthcare staff will support the participants in maintaining an upright position throughout labor as much as possible to evaluate its effects on maternal and newborn outcomes.

Participants in this arm will be positioned in the lithotomy position during labor and delivery, which is a common practice in clinical settings. In this position, the mother lies on her back with her legs supported in stirrups. This intervention serves as the control condition to provide a baseline comparison for evaluating outcomes against the upright birthing position.