Perioperative Pain Management for Lumbar Spine Surgery

Fentanyl was given as a bolus of 1 µg/kg injected followed by a fentanyl infusion of 0.4 µg/kg/h. Fentanyl infusion was continued as Postoperative analgesia for 24 hours in a dose of 0.3 µg/kg/h.

Dexmedetomidine was given as a loading dose of 0.6 µg/kg, which was diluted to a total volume of 10 cc of normal saline and injected before induction of anesthesia over 10 minutes. Then, a DXM infusion prepared to provide 0.2-0.7 µg/kg/h was started Intraoperative; Postoperative DXM infusion was provided in a dose of 0.15 µg/kg/h for 24-h.

Lidocaine hydrochloride was provided as 2 mg/kg slowly IV before induction of anesthesia and as an IV infusion at a rate of 3 mg/kg/h. Postoprative lidocaine infusion at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/h was administered for 24 Postoprative hours.