AI Model for Bone Mineral Density Prediction From X-Ray Images

"A DEXA scan, or Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, is a specialized imaging technique used to measure Bone Mineral Density (BMD). It is commonly employed to diagnose osteoporosis and assess the risk of fractures, especially in areas prone to bone density loss, such as the spine, hip, and forearm. The scan works by using two low-energy X-ray beams that pass through the bone, allowing it to differentiate between bone and soft tissue and calculate the bone's density. DEXA is considered the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis due to its high accuracy and precision.~The DEXA scan is a non-invasive, out-patient and painless procedure. Patients lie on an examination table while the scanner passes over the targeted area, typically the hip and spine. The entire procedure is straightforward, taking around 10 to 30 minutes depending on the areas being scanned."

Hip and spine X-rays are specific types of radiographic imaging used primarily to evaluate bone health, joint integrity, and alignment in these crucial areas. In the context of osteoporosis assessment, hip and spine X-rays can reveal signs of bone thinning or fractures, serving as an initial screening tool before more detailed imaging like a DEXA scan. During a hip X-ray, the patient typically lies on an examination table with the hip positioned for a clear view of the pelvis and femur. In a spine X-ray, the patient's posture may vary, often lying on the table in either a supine or lateral position to capture views of the vertebrae in the lower back (lumbar spine). Patients may be asked to remain very still, or even hold their breath momentarily, to prevent motion blur, which can obscure important details. Both hip and spine X-rays are quick and painless, generally taking only a few minutes, with the X-ray exposure itself lasting less than a second.