Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Postdural Puncture Headache

"Active in therapeutic tDCS (Th-tDCS) in patients diagnosed with PDPH. The stimulations were delivered using a battery-driven direct current stimulator (HDCstim-DC stimulator, Newronika S.r.l. Milano - Italy). The current was administered through a pair of saline-soaked surface electrodes. The anode, measuring 3x3 cm, was placed over the primary motor cortex (M1) in the dominant hemisphere. This location was identified using the International 10-20 EEG system for C3 (left M1) or C4 (right M1). The cathode, measuring 6x4 cm, was positioned over the contralateral supraorbital region, immediately below the Fp position.~In the active a-tDCS groups, each session consisted of 20 minutes stimulation with a 2 mA intensity for 3 consecutive days."

Sham in therapeutic tDCS (Th-tDCS) in patients diagnosed with PDPH. In the sham tDCS groups, the duration and electrodes application were the same of active in therapeutic tDCS (Th-tDCS), but the current was stopped 30 s thereafter. The subject felt the initial itching sensation, but no changes in cortical excitability are produced

"Active in preventive tDCS (Pr-tDCS) in patients who have undergone a lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes. The stimulations were delivered using a battery-driven direct current stimulator (HDCstim-DC stimulator, Newronika S.r.l. Milano - Italy). The current was administered through a pair of saline-soaked surface electrodes. The anode, measuring 3x3 cm, was placed over the primary motor cortex (M1) in the dominant hemisphere. This location was identified using the International 10-20 EEG system for C3 (left M1) or C4 (right M1). The cathode, measuring 6x4 cm, was positioned over the contralateral supraorbital region, immediately below the Fp position.~In the active a-tDCS groups, each session consisted of 20 minutes stimulation with a 2 mA intensity for 3 consecutive days."

Sham in preventive tDCS (Pr-tDCS) in patients who have undergone a lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes. In the sham tDCS groups, the duration and electrodes application were the same of active in preventive tDCS (Pr-tDCS), but the current was stopped 30 s thereafter. The subject felt the initial itching sensation, but no changes in cortical excitability are produced