Music Therapy and Mindfulness Meditation

"Participants in the music therapy group (MTG) will be comfortably lying on the bed in a reclined position of 30-45 degrees. Using a headphone, participants will be instructed to select a volume that is comfortable to their ears and listen to the music titled as The Best Relaxing Piano and Flute Music Ever which will be played for 30-minutes every day for 1-week. Patients will be encouraged to focus on the music and let it fill their senses."

Mindfulness meditation group (MGT)will be listening to audio of Guided Mindfulness Meditation Series 1 by Jon Kabat-Zinn. Similar to MTG, participants in MMG will be lying on the bed in a reclined position of 30-45 degrees. A headphone to listen to the audio of guided MM will be provided to all the participants. Participants will begin with relaxation technique by focusing on deep breathing to help calm their body and mind. This will be followed by focusing on the present moment, letting go of any thoughts or distractions that come up. Participants can focus on their breath, bodily sensations, or a specific object in their environment. Finally, the session will end by expressing a gratitude for their body and mind and setting an intention to carry the feelings of relaxation and mindfulness with them throughout the day. Similar to MTG, MMG will engage in 30-minutes of MM every day for 1-week.

Music therapy and mindfulness meditation group will be receiving both music therapy and mindfulness meditation in the same body position as MTG and MMG. Firstly, participants will listen to MT for 30-minutes followed by MM for another 30-minutes. In between the 2 interventions, a 15-minute of break will be provided to all participants. Intervention will be carried out every day for 1-week.

Control Group will not receive any other therapy except the conventional post-operative cardiac rehabilitation. Other 3 intervention groups will also be participating in the usual cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiac rehabilitation will be conducted during phase I, where rehabilitation will focus on early mobilization and ambulation of participants with a target heart rate of resting heart rate + 30 beats, with the non-strenuous exercises in the bed or at the bedside, focusing on a range of motion and limiting hospital deconditioning.