Using Indocyanine Green (ICG) to Outline Biliary Tree During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

"injecting 7.5 mg (3 ml of a 25 mg/10 ml solution) intravenously in the pre-operative holding area at least 20 minutes before surgery.~Before dissecting the adhesions surrounding the hepatoduodenal ligament, fluorescence cholangiography (FC) is carried out to determine the anatomy of the extrahepatic bile ducts by converting the full-color images to fluorescence images using filter switches on the camera head and/or light source in the laparoscopic imaging system (Fig. 1). The \"critical view of safety\" is then reached by dissecting Calot\'s triangle and using FC to verify whether the accessory bile ducts are present or absent throughout the procedures. It is necessary to acquire fluorescence image"

1.25 mg of ICG powder was dissolved in 3 cm of saline, and the concentration was roughly 0.04 mg after each 1 cm of saline was diluted by 9 cm of saline. In order to prevent dye leakage that might result in false FC results, a veress needle was inserted through the abdominal wall and into the gall bladder fundus through the liver bed. The puncture site was then cauterized.