Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Singer's Voice

"The tDCS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique. In this study, we used an intensity of 2mA for 20 minutes in two different areas.~M1 group: the anode was over C5 (10-10 EEG system) and the cathode was placed over Fp2. For the Cerebellum group stimulation, the targeted anode area was 2 cm below the inion and the cathode over the deltoid muscle."

"The exercise involved producing sustained /u/ vowels in ascending and descending scales, tailored to each participants vocal range.~The flexible tube was 35 cm long, 1 cm in diameter, and 2 mm thick. One end of the tube was submerged 3 cm into a 500 ml bottle filled with water. Participants produced four sets of vocal exercises, each lasting 3 minutes, with 2-minute rests between sets, totaling 20 minutes of vocal therapy."