Impact of Combined CST, BFR, and Tai Chi on Muscle Physiology and Functional Characteristics Among Adults With LBP

"1. Core Stability Training: It includes core activation exercises (feed-forward control)(Libenson,2006). Each set will consist of 10 repetitions of this exercise with a 10-second hold. There will be a 30-second rest between repetitions and a 60-second rest after each set.~2. Tai Chi: The first 10 Tai Chi movements from the 24-simplified Tai Chi form. Three qualified teachers will lead the training sessions.~3. Blood Flow Restriction: The professional physical therapist puts on the cuff pneumatic tourniquet system(Kaastu Master) on the proximal end of the left lower limb of the subjects and gives a certain pressure through the Kaastu Master. The pressure needs to ensure that the venous return of the particapants is restricted to perfect ground, while the artery still has some blood flow.~4. Education: After enrollment, patients will receive face-to-face education sessions at baseline, 30-45 min each time. Guided education by the same experienced professional physiotherapist."

"1. Core Stability Training: It includes core activation exercises (feed-forward control)(Libenson,2006). Each set will consist of 10 repetitions of this exercise with a 10-second hold. There will be a 30-second rest between repetitions and a 60-second rest after each set.~2. Blood Flow Restriction: The professional physical therapist puts on the cuff pneumatic tourniquet system(Kaastu Master) on the proximal end of the left lower limb of the subjects and gives a certain pressure through the Kaastu Master. The pressure needs to ensure that the venous return of the particapants is restricted to perfect ground, while the artery still has some blood flow.~3. Education: After enrollment, patients will receive face-to-face education sessions at baseline, 30-45 min each time. Guided education by the same experienced professional physiotherapist."

"1. Tai Chi: The first 10 Tai Chi movements from the 24-simplified Tai Chi form. Three qualified teachers will lead the training sessions.~2. Blood Flow Restriction: The professional physical therapist puts on the cuff pneumatic tourniquet system(Kaastu Master) on the proximal end of the left lower limb of the subjects and gives a certain pressure through the Kaastu Master. The pressure needs to ensure that the venous return of the particapants is restricted to perfect ground, while the artery still has some blood flow.~3. Education: After enrollment, patients will receive face-to-face education sessions at baseline, 30-45 min each time. Guided education by the same experienced professional physiotherapist."

"1. Core Stability Training: It includes core activation exercises (feed-forward control)(Libenson,2006). Each set will consist of 10 repetitions of this exercise with a 10-second hold. There will be a 30-second rest between repetitions and a 60-second rest after each set.~2. Education: After enrollment, patients will receive face-to-face education sessions at baseline, 30-45 min each time. Guided education by the same experienced professional physiotherapist."