Exploring the Effects of Exercise on Memory and Cognition in Parkinson´s Disease

Cardiovascular training will be performed in supervised sessions and in small groups of 2-5 persons at the study site. The training is performed on a cycle ergometer at 60% of peak power output (Wmax) for 30 min (i.e., 5 min warm-up, 20 min at 60% Wmax, 5 min cool-down) three times a week for twelve weeks. The exercise program will be increased by 5 min (max. 55 min) and 5% of intensity (in Watt) every two weeks. If participants report a too low (i.e., Borg scale ≤ 11) or too high (i.e., Borg scale ≥ 16) subjective rate of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg scale 6-20) intensity will be increased or decreased until the target levels are met (i.e., Borg scale 12-15). During training, heart rate, intensity (in Watt) and RPE will be monitored. Participants missing training sessions will be offered an additional week to perform up to three training sessions.

The stretching training will be performed in supervised sessions and in small groups of 2-5 persons at the study site. Stretching training consists of lying, seated, and standing flexibility exercises (according to the recommendations of the American Parkinson´s Disease Foundation and the Parkinson Society Canada) for 30 min (i.e., 5 min warm-up, 20 min main part, 5 min cool-down) three times a week for twelve weeks. The exercise program will be increased by 5 min (i.e., adding additional repetitions and exercises; max. 55 min) every two weeks. Intensity of stretching exercises will be assessed by subjective rate of perceived muscle tension on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10 and will be moderate defined as 5 to 7 on the VAS. During training VAS, heart rate, and RPE will be monitored. Participants missing training sessions will be offered an additional week to perform up to three training sessions.