A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Live and Recorded Music-Based Interventions on Pre-operative Stress, Mood, Pain and Biomarkers, in Neurosurgical Patients (Music-STAR Trial)

Patients will be equally randomized into one of the three arms (simulated live music, recorded music, or no music) applying the random permutated block. Randomization will be conducted via an approved institutional database with the randomization list generated by the study statistician.