Effects of Multimodal Prehabilitation on Frail Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Gastric Cancer Surgery

"This program included four components:~Aerobic and Resistance Exercises A designated physical therapist supervises the resistance exercises and offers corrective guidance. Training intensity was continuously monitored and fine-tuned based on Borg scale assessments.~Respiratory Training Respiratory training was conducted using a respiratory trainer. Patients were instructed to engage in respiratory training at least three times daily, with each session lasting 10 minutes.~Nutrition Intervention Those in the multimodal prehabilitation group received daily whey protein powder to ensure a recommended protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/d. Protein supplements were to be consumed within one hour of exercise to promote muscle synthesis.~Psychological Intervention Anxiety-coping interventions included relaxation techniques and deep breathing exercises, administered in a one-to-one format by a nurse trained in psychological care."