Saliva and Plasma Exosomes for Oral Leukoplakia Malignant Transformation Diagnosis and Oral Cancer Prognosis Monitoring

"Participants were instructed to refrain from eating, drinking, brushing their teeth, rinsing their mouth, or taking medications for one hour before saliva collection. They were then asked to bend over, lower their head, open their mouth, and allow saliva to flow naturally without chewing or spitting. Using a specialized container, 2 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected.~Participants fasted overnight before blood collection. Researchers used plasma tubes containing anticoagulant (EDTA) to obtain venous blood (4-5 mL) from the participants\' upper arm. Subsequently, the blood was gently inverted to ensure optimal contact with the anticoagulant before centrifugation at 2000 rpm and 4°C for 10 minutes. Following centrifugation, the supernatant was extracted."