Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination for Sedation and Analgesia in ICU Patients

"For patients with invasive ventilation, nighttime sedation (20:00-06:00) is provided with an initial infusion rate of \[0.05×kg\] ml/h which is increased by \[0.025×kg\] ml/h every 10 min, until the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) reaches -2 to -1, maximal infusion rate reaches \[0.175×kg\] ml/h, or adverse reactions occur. Daytime sedation (06:00-20:00) is provided as above when considered necessary by the ICU physicians, with a target RASS score of -2 to +1.~For patients with non-invasive ventilation (including high-flow nasal oxygenation) or without assisted ventilation, nighttime sedation (20:00-06:00) is provided with an initial infusion rate of \[0.0125×kg\] ml/h which is increased by \[0.0125×kg\] ml/h every 10 min, until the RASS reaches -1, maximal infusion rate reaches \[0.05×kg\] ml/h, or adverse reactions occur. Daytime sedation (06:00-20:00) is typically not required but is provided when considered necessary by the ICU physicians, with a target RASS score of -1 to +1."

"For patients with invasive ventilation, nighttime sedation (20:00-06:00) is provided with an initial infusion rate of \[0.05×kg\] ml/h which is increased by \[0.025×kg\] ml/h every 10 min, until the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) reaches -2 to -1, maximal infusion rate reaches \[0.175×kg\] ml/h, or adverse reactions occur. Daytime sedation (06:00-20:00) is provided as above when considered necessary by the ICU physicians, with a target RASS score of -2 to +1.~For patients with non-invasive ventilation (including high-flow nasal oxygenation) or without assisted ventilation, nighttime sedation (20:00-06:00) is provided with an initial infusion rate of \[0.0125×kg\] ml/h which is increased by \[0.0125×kg\] ml/h every 10 min, until the RASS reaches -1, maximal infusion rate reaches \[0.05×kg\] ml/h, or adverse reactions occur. Daytime sedation (06:00-20:00) is typically not required but is provided when considered necessary by the ICU physicians, with a target RASS score of -1 to +1."