Effects of Traditional Martial Arts, Open and Locked Exercise on the Physical and Mental Health of Drug Users

All participants received a six-month intervention consisting of two phases: the first month was a movement learning and consolidation phase of 45 minutes per session, once a day; the second five months were a formal practice phase of 45 minutes per session, once a day. In the first phase, participants learn four new movements per session and consolidate these exercises in the next session. After learning all the movements, the remaining time of the first phase was used to consolidate the exercises. In the second phase, participants perform a full Health Qigong - 12-Step Daoyin Health Preservation Exercises practice in each session.

All participants received a six-month intervention of 45 minutes once a day. All participants performed blocked aerobic exercise.

All participants received a six-month intervention in the form of a balloon game competition. The intervention consisted of two phases: the first month consisted of a movement learning and consolidation phase of 45 minutes per session, once a day; the second five months consisted of a formal competition phase of 45 minutes per session, once a day. In the first phase, coaches taught participants the technical movements and rules. In the second phase, participants competed in groups during each session, with the coaches acting as referees.

All participants received the intervention for six months, 45 minutes each time, once a day. All participants performed blocked exercise followed by Health Qigong - 12-Step Daoyin Health Preservation Exercises. The schedule was consistent with the Health Qigong - 12-Step Daoyin Health Preservation Exercises group and the Blocked Exercise group.

All participants received the intervention for six months, 45 minutes each time, once a day. All participants performed multiplayer Open Exercise followed by Health Qigong - 12-Step Daoyin Health Preservation Exercises exercises. The schedule was consistent with the Health Qigong - 12-Step Daoyin Health Preservation Exercises group and the Multiplayer Open Exercise group.