Vitamin-D Insufficiency and Implants

The levels of OPG, OC, RANKL, IL10, IL1β, Ca, TNF-α and Caspase1 in bone and PICF of patients with or without Vitamin D sufficiency were measured by ELISA.

Implant stability was measured by a device (Penguin RFA, Integration Diagnostics, Sweden) based on Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and categorized by Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) scale.

Clinical periodontal indices including plaque index (PI) (Silness and Löe 1964), gingival index (GI) (Löe 1967), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) (Ainamo and Bay 1975) were recorded using a Williams periodontal probe. The BOP percentage (%) was calculated by dividing the number of bleeding sites by the total number of sites examined.

All patients were received by a single examiner a bone level implant (standard type and Sandblasted, Large-grit, Acid-etched surface) (Implant Swiss, Yverdon, Switzerland).

One month after the healing caps were inserted, peri-implant crevicular fluid (PISF) samples were collected from 6 different sides of each implant. Before sampling, the area was isolated and dried, and paper strips were gently kept in periimplant sulcus for 30 seconds. Strips with blood or saliva contamination were discarded. PISF volumes of each strip were measured by a device (Periotron 8,010, Oraflow Inc, USA). Strips were then pooled, and inserted into tubes. PISF was recovered from paper strips through agitation in phosphate buffer saline (50 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM CaCl2, 0.2 M NaCl,pH 7.5). All samples were stored at -80C until the day of analysis.