Comparison of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block and Local Anesthesia in Arteriovenous Fistula Surgeries and Their Effects on Tissue Oxygen Saturation

Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive monitoring modality which measures regional tissue oxygenation defined as percentage (%).

"With the pinprick test, the practitioner gently touches the skin with the pin and asks the patient whether it feels sharp or blunt .Test begins distally and then move proximally (aiming to test each dermatome and each main nerve).~Assessment of sensorial blockade uses 3 grade system. Grade 0.Sharp pain Grade 1.Analgesia ,numbness Grade 2.Anesthesia ,no feeling"

"Assessment of motor blockade uses 4 point Modified Bromage Score. 0.Normal motor function with full extension and flexion of elbow, wrist and fingers~1. Decreased motor strengths with ability to full flexion elbow and move fingers but inability to raise arm~2. More decreased motor strengths with inability to move elbow but ability to move fingers 3.Complete motor block with inability to move elbow, wrist, and fingers."

Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic with unique characteristics from the amide group of local anesthetics.

Prilocaine is an amide local anesthetic secondary amine with an intermediate length of duration and quick onset of action.