Adversity and Its Association With the Development and Expression of Rheumatic Diseases

In 2012, Giraldo-Rodríguez developed and validated the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GAS); translation, cultural adaptation, and validation were performed prior to its application.

RAPID- 3 measures: function, pain, and patient global status estimate. Each of the three individual measures is scored 0 to 10, for a total of 30

The HAQ is based on five patient-centered dimensions: disability, pain, medication effects, costs of care, and mortality.

WHOQOL-BREF is a 26-item instrument consisting of four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health; it also contains QOL and general health items

DASS-21 is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains seven items, divided into subscales with similar content.

The Brief Resilient Coping Scale is a 4-item measure designed to capture tendencies to cope with stress in a highly adaptive manner.

CDKN2A/p16INK4a expression will be measured using the Taqman qPCR assay (TaqMan Universal Master Mix II, with UNG, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) according to the manufacturer's specifications.

CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations will be analyzed. Blood samples will be analyzed by 8-color flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson Canto II cytometer) using fluorescently labeled antibodies from Biolegend Inc. (San Diego, USA).

The rLTL will be estimated by quantitative monochromatic multiplex PCR (MM-qPCR). Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (IDT, Coralville, IA, USA) will synthesize the primers used for telomere measurements.

Expression of co-stimulatory molecules and surface receptors CD27- and CD28-