Evaluation of PWI Assisted by Marshall Ethanolization in Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

The CS angiography is firstly performed to visualize the vein of Marshall. The ethanol infusion by anhydrous alcohol is then performed by using a guidewire and an OTW ballon. For radiofrequency catheter ablation, the standard procedure of pulmonary vein isolation is performed. All the enrolled persistent AF patients perform the routine linear ablation of mitral isthmus.

PWI is additionally performed for experimental group with linear ablation of LA roof and bottom line, and verified by mapping with a multielectrode catheter.