Effect of Intravenous Nalbuphine and Magnesium Sulfate on Emergence Agitation in Pediatric

"Nalbuphine is a synthetic opioid receptor agonist-antagonist (agonist К receptor, antagonistic part μ receptor) that can produce a central analgesic effect and partial sedation. Nalbuphine is a medication that is indicated for moderate to severe pain where the patient requires an opioid agent, and other alternative treatments have been insufficient. The inhibitory effect of nalbuphine on respiration is slight and it has a capping effect. Owing to these advantages, it is widely used in pediatric surgical analgesia.~Magnesium sulphate, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, has been reported to improve hypo-magnesia and pre-eclampsia. Recently, magnesium sulphate has been gradually used as an adjuvant for sedation and analgesia during general anesthesia. Magnesium sulphate is a medication used to manage and treat multiple clinical conditions."