Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading Versus Fasting in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery

Patients were instructed to be fasting for 6 hours before surgery and received only placebo drink (200 ml clear water) two hours before surgery

Patients were given a meal of cup of yogurt (100 ml) with 2 spoonful of honey (42 gm) at midnight before surgery and 200 ml of a clear carbohydrate drink on the day of surgery, 2 h before anesthesia induction. This drink consisted of 200 ml water in which two spoonful of honey were dissolved.