Ultrasound-assisted Versus Real-time Ultrasound-guided Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia in Elderly Patients

In the US-AS group, ultrasonic prescan to determine the best intervertebral space, best puncture Angle and best puncture depth. The optimal puncture section considered by the operator was selected to record the best gap, puncture Angle and depth.

In the US-RTG group, the optimal puncture section considered by the operator was selected and recorded directly in the plane of the paracentral transverse section, out of the plane of the paracentral sagittal section or in the plane of the paracentral sagittal section for real-time ultrasound guided lumbar epidural anesthesia.