Effects of PBM on Fixed-appliance Orthodontic Patients

Patients in the PBM group will be delivered a portable PBM device (PBM Healing Ortho) at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and will be instructed to use it daily at home for 8 minutes (4 min per arch) after tooth brushing.

All eligible patients will receive orthodontic treatment with a pre-adjusted fixed appliance (0.022'' × 0.028'' slot system, MBT, 3M Unitek) provided by the same practitioner. At the start of treatment, a cantilever auxiliary arch bent with a 0.017'' × 0.025'' Stainless Steel wire (3M Unitek) will be used to apply a 100 g intrusion force to the premolars that will be extracted in 3 months. All other teeth will undergo regular orthodontic treatment with a standard archwire protocol (0.014'' NiTi, 0.016'' NiTi, 0.018'' NiTi, 0.017'' × 0.025'' NiTi, 0.019'' × 0.025'' NiTi, and 0.019'' × 0.025'' SS, 0.019'' × 0.025'' TMA) for alignment, leveling, space closure, detailing, and finishing. For en masse retraction, a 150 g force will be applied by coil springs, allowing bracket slots to slide along the 0.019'' × 0.025'' SS.