Leucine-enriched Branched-chain Amino Acid on Muscle Thickness, Interleukin-6, SOFA Score in Critical Illness

"branched-chain amino acid (bcaa) (ratio valine:leucine:isoleucine = 1.2:2:1) 40 g/day (leucine 19 g/day) form: powdered bcaa sealed in 8 g sachet package or bcaa parenteral 250 mL per bag.~frequency: 1 sachet bcaa dissolved in oral nutrition supplement (standard nutrition) 5 times per day, or bcaa parenteral, or combination of bcaa enteral \& parenteral.~duration: 10 days"

Target energy of 20 kcal/kg BW/day Target protein ratio protein:non-protein calorie 1:70

A symmetric biphasic rectangular pulse was employed, with a frequency of 100 Hz, pulse width of 500 µs, Ton 5 s, Toff 25 s, ramp up of 1 s and ramp down of 1 s.