Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Nasal Fractures

"Ultrasonography of the external nose will be performed with the use of a high-resolution transducer (Clarius L20HD3 8-20 MHz) and a 3mm-thick disposable gel pad, according to the following protocol:~1. Sagittal plane, along the most prominent part of nasal dorsum.~2. Transverse plane, level of nasion.~3. Transverse plane, level of intercanthal line.~4. Transverse plane, level of rhinion.~5. Along inferior border of the right nasal bone.~6. Along inferior border of the left nasal bone.~7. Along medial part of the right orbital rim below frontomaxillary suture.~8. Along medial part of the right orbital rim below frontomaxillary suture.~9. Along the line connecting right frontomaxillary suture and the tip of the nose.~10. Along the line connecting left frontomaxillary suture and the tip of the nose.~At each location the transducer position will be adjusted until it is held perpendicular to the bone surface and a single image will be saved for further assessment."

"A standard computed tomography scan of the face will be performed and the following areas will be assessed by an experienced radiologist:~1. Bony part of the nasal septum~2. Left nasal bone - part proximal to the intercanthal line~3. Right nasal bone - part proximal to the intercanthal line~4. Left nasal bone - part distal to the intercanthal line~5. Right nasal bone - part distal to the intercanthal line~6. Frontal process of the left maxilla~7. Frontal process of the right maxilla"