Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation in Lower Limb Amputees

"Phase 1: Participants undergo a comprehensive assessment in a single experimental session (mapping session) aimed at mapping the regions and sensations that can be electrically stimulated. This mapping protocol is conducted on both the intact and amputated limbs.~Phase 2: This phase comprises a 4-week experimental protocol, including:~1. four mapping sessions conducted at the onset of each week, where the protocol is randomly applied to the participant's intact and amputated limb.~2. three stimulation sessions held over three consecutive days in the initial week to assess the participant's ability to discern stimuli of varying intensities.~3. ten sessions utilizing an end-effector gait rehabilitation robot, aiming to train the participant in walking using the proposed sensory feedback restoration system based on TENS under controlled and repeatable experimental conditions."