Evaluation of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Results and Stone-free Rate in Children With Kidney Stones

All RIRS procedures were performed under general anesthesia with direct videoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. The decision to use a flexible or semirigid ureteroscope depended on the location of the Stones. If this was not enough to pass the ureteroscope, we placed a JJ catheter for passive dilatation. Stones were fragmented using a holmium-YAG laser and grasped by a stone basket when applicable. Contrast injection was performed at the end of the procedures to confirm the absence of extravasation and stone-free status. Ultrasonography (USG) was performed three months, six months, and one year after the procedures to evaluate stone recurrence and hydronephrosis.