Intraoperative Autonomic Neural Blockade

The autonomic neural block is performed with a 25-gauge needle attached to a venous catheter extension introduced through the left 12-mm port. Infiltration of 20 mL of non-diluted 0.5% bupivacaine plus dexamethasone 8 mg is performed at the celiac plexus and vagus nerve trajectory.

bupivacaine plus dexamethasone 8 mg plus a colloid 10 cc (Gelofucin, B. Braun Medical S.A., Crissier, Suiza.) is performed at the celiac plexus and vagus nerve trajectory.

bupivacaine 5% plus clonidine (0,150mgs) is performed at the celiac plexus and vagus nerve trajectory