Tonsillectomy and Expansion Sphincter Pharyngoplasty Operations

Tonsillectomy was performed with cold dissection including the whole tonsil and capsule, and bleeding was controlled with bipolar cauterisation.

In the ESP technique, following bilateral tonsillectomy with cold dissection and bleeding control with bipolar cauterisation, the palatopharyngeus muscle was identified and a superior-based muscle flap was formed by cutting the upper two-thirds of the muscle on both sides from the lower third attachment site. By opening tunnels to the anterior plica mucosa, the dissected palatopharyngeus muscle was placed in these tunnels, and was sutured to the pterygomandibular raphe with vicryl 2-0 sutures. The mucosal cuts were closed with vicryl 3-0 sutures