Activin-A and Interleukin-1β Levels in Periodontitis

"Clinical periodontal indices included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), the dichotomous scoring of bleeding on probing (BOP +/-), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Clinical recordings were performed at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, palatal, and distopalatal) of all teeth, except the 3rd molars.~GCF and saliva samples were obtained 1 day following the clinical measurements. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. GCF was sampled with paper strips from two deepest pockets in periodontitis group; the most inflamed sites with clinical signs of redness or edema in gingivitis group; and the sites without visible inflammation in periodontally healthy group. GCF and saliva samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis."