Bee Venom Phonophoresis on Mild to Moderate Localized Plaque Psoriasis on Knee Joint

Bee venom gel preparation with low freq ultrasound Bee venom solution (100 mg/mL) that was prepared and preserved at the correct temperature was purchased from the Egyptian Organization for Biological Products \& Vaccines (Vacsera). The solution was a mix of a crude form of BV dissolved in sterile normal saline with a concentration ratio of 1:1 vol/vol. Then, the BV gel was prepared at the laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University, Cairo, Egypt, by dissolving the previous mixture in 10% propylene glycol, followed by the addition of 0.01% butylparaben. To make bee venom gel, the resulting mixture was mixed with the matrix. The BV gel had a homogeneous and translucent appearance and a pH of 7.53. There was no discoloration, phase separation, or off-putting odor. Stratification was not observed after 30 min of centrifugation at 2,500 rpm at 25◦C, used with low frequency ultrasound Device: low intensity ultrasound