Ultrasound- Guided Continuous Retro Laminar Block Versus Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Block in Multiple Rib Fractures

"Under complete aseptic precautions and sterilization and in sitting position, A high-frequency linear ultrasound probe (6-11 MHz) was placed into a longitudinal orientation in the paraspinous line 1 cm from the midline. Lamina appeared as a continuous line interrupted by the intra laminar spaces.~local infiltration of needle insertion site with 3ml of 2.0 % lidocaine was done Then, an 18-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted in plane 1 cm lateral to the spinous process using ultrasound imaging and advanced caudally or cranially until it contacts the lamina."

"Under complete aseptic precautions and sterilization and in sitting position, A high-frequency ultrasound transducer was placed in a longitudinal orientation 3 cm lateral to the midline midway between the uppermost and the lowest fractured rib to identify counting of ribs using ultrasound three muscles were identified as superficial to the hyperechoic transverse process shadow as follows: trapezius, rhomboid major, and erector spinae. However, when the rhomboid major muscle disappears this indicates that we are at the level of the seventh thoracic vertebra.~local infiltration of needle insertion site with 3ml of 2.0 % lidocaine was done. Then, an 18-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted in cranial-caudal direction towards transverse process (TP) in-plane to the US transducer until needle touched the TP crossing all the muscles"