Formulation-based CBT for Adult Inmates With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

"Spanish participants in the active control group will undergo the PROBECO program, designed by the Spanish Penitentiary Agency for various violent crimes. It aims to eradicate criminal behavior, reduce recidivism, and teach social skills. It has four phases.~German participants will be placed in social therapeutic facilities for compulsory psychotherapy focused on relapse prevention."

"The CBT program includes these core modules:~A. ADHD Psychoeducation: Provides information on ADHD characteristics, neurobiology, treatments, and their efficacy. Shared with a significant other if available.~B. Planning Skills and Distraction Management: Teaches time management, task prioritization, and distraction control techniques.~C. Cognitive Restructuring: Based on Ellis' Rational Behavioral Emotive Therapy, it helps participants identify and modify irrational thoughts for better emotional regulation.~D. Maintenance of Treatment Gains: Reviews progress, identifies risk factors, and develops action plans for post-treatment challenges."