Mobile Instant Messaging-based Lifestyle Intervention for Gestational Diabetes Prevention

Nurse-led personalised lifestyle intervention grounded in social cognitive theory via WhatsApp or WeChat from baseline to the 28th gestational week, which aims to maintain optimal gestational weight gain using dietary and exercise advice and behavioural change techniques.

Follow-up reminders via text messaging as attention control.

Brief advice on GDM prevention aided by an A4-sized, half-fold leaflet, which covered the risk factors and complications of GDM, optimal gestational weight gain targets, and advice on dietary and exercise during pregnancy

Usual care provided by the prenatal clinic.