Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation Using Three Different Techniques on Nursing Students

The participant performing PVC carried out the procedure on the arm vein of another volunteer classmate with the help of vein imaging by NIR. All interventions were conducted under the observation of the researchers.

Before the procedure, the students on whom PVC was to be performed were given two stress balls, and they were told how to use them for 15 minutes. The participants were told to squeeze and relax the stress ball in the palm of their hands after counting from one to three, to continue doing this until the procedure began, and to concentrate on squeezing the ball.