Awareness Model in Prevention of Osteoporosis

The researchers provided the intervention group participants with online training in healthy living awareness to prevent osteoporosis (400 minutes and two days). They held the training at all participants' convenience outside the class hours. The training consisted of four sections: (1) osteoporosis and diagnosis-treatment methods, (2) current approaches to the prevention of osteoporosis, (3) osteoporosis and nutrition, and (4) osteoporosis and physical exercise. The researchers employed interactive teaching methods and consulted three experts to prepare PowerPoint presentations. At the end of the training, the researchers taught the intervention group participants how to fill out the healthy life diary, such as calculating daily calcium intake. The researchers texted the intervention group participants all training videos on WhatsApp to allow them to watch them again.

The researchers regularly texted (WhatsApp) spot and reminder notifications concerning the prevention of osteoporosis. They asked them to assess the health behaviors they recorded in their diaries every week (daily calcium intake, weekly exercise duration, etc.) and the problems they experienced during the process. The researchers provided individual counseling to the participants by telephone (combating smoking, exercise barriers, food exchange for calcium sources, etc.)

The target behavior skills were improved self-efficacy in doing weight-bearing exercises, taking calcium, and engaging in physical activity.