Axillary Node Dissection w or w/o LVB in Node Positive Breast Cancer Patients

"ALND happens after cancer cells are found during a sentinel lymph node biopsy.~ALND can remove lymph nodes located above, below or directly underneath a muscle that runs along the side of the upper chest."

Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a technique where blue dye is injected into the upper arm at surgery, allowing direct visualization of arm lymphatics and nodes during ALND

Lymphaticovenous bypass/anastomosis (LVB/LVA) involves supramicrosurgery in which the blocked lymphatic vessel of an affected limb is connected to a nearby vein with the aid of ultra-fine instruments and a powerful operating microscope.