Dexmedetomidine or Lidocaine for Lessening the Hemodynamic Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation

The patient will receive nebulized dexmedetomidine via face mask nebulizer 10 minutes before induction of general anesthesia.

The patient will receive nebulized lidocaine 4% (3 mg /kg) 10 minutes before induction of general anesthesia.

The patient will receive intravenous infusion via a syringe pump of dexmedetomidine (1 ml= 4mcg) started at a dose of 1 mcg/kg 20 minutes before induction of general anesthesia.

The patient will receive 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine 2% (1 ml = 20mg) completed to 10 ml with normal saline 0.9% intravenous 90 seconds before induction of general anesthesia.