Umbilical Cord Abnormalities in the Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

"In the screening study of an unselected population at 20-22 weeks' and 35-37 weeks' gestation, women are offered an ultrasound scan as part of standard care and will be invited to take part in the study which will involve taking the following additional ultrasound measurements:~1. Umbilical cord coiling index (UCI)~2. Transverse diameter of umbilical cord (UC)~3. Transverse diameter of umbilical vein (UV) and artery (UA)~4. Umbilical vein (UV) Doppler flow characteristics~5. Presence of nuchal cord"