Bladder and Bone Effects of Pelvic Radiation Therapy in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Uroflowmetry is a test that measures the volume of urine released from the body, the speed with which it is released, and how long the release takes.

Bladder scan measures ultrasonic reflections within the patient's body to differentiate the urinary bladder from the surrounding tissue. In this case, it is used to detect the volume of urine in the bladder.

The Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score to provide accurate and objective numerical, grading of voiding behaviors of children.

DEXA (dual x-ray absorptiometry) scans measure bone density (thickness and strength of bones) by passing a high and low energy x-ray beam (a form of ionizing radiation) through the body, usually in the hip and the spine.

Urine tests for specific biomarkers (ATP, NGF, BNDF and urine proteomic screening).