Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Patients With Periodontal Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

"Oral hygiene instructions followed by complete oral disinfection (removal of hard and soft deposits, scaling and root planing, mouth rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine twice in one minute, pocket rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine three times in ten minutes). Ultrasonic (Piezoled, KaVo) and hand instruments (Gracey curettes, Hu-Friedy, USA) were used for this purpose.~For the next 14 days, all patients were asked to rinse their oral cavities twice daily with 0.12% chlorhexidine."

"Photodynamic Therapy as adjunctive treatment in pockets with PPD ≥ 5 mm. For this purpose, a Fotona XD -2 diode laser (Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) with a wavelength of 810 nm, a power of 250 mW and the photosensitizing agent indocyanine green at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was used. First, the area to be irradiated was isolated, and the photosensitizing agent was applied to the periodontal pocket. After 60 seconds, the supragingival excess of the photosensitizing agent was removed by gentle rinsing with a saline solution. This was followed by irradiation for ten seconds on each side.~For the next 14 days, all patients were asked to rinse their oral cavities twice daily with 0.12% chlorhexidine."