Preoperative Cognitive Impairment Predicts Postoperative Delirium

"Cognitive function screening (Mini-Cog; the Mini-mental State Examination, MMSE), depression screening (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), sleep quality assessment (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and pain assessment (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS) were performed the day before surgery.~The Short Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) was administered once per day on postoperative days 1 to 5 to evaluate delirium."