Effectivity of Incentive Spirometry on Postoperative Pulmonary Complication After Major Abdominal Surgery

Subjects in the intervention group were trained to perform 15 minutes of respiratory exercise with incentive spirometry four times a day for two days before surgery by trained medical personnel. First, subjects were instructed to make a good seal over the incentive spirometry mouthpiece with their lips. Afterward, they were asked to inhale deeply and slowly, and they were also directed to hold their breath at the end of inspiration