Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine

"* Concerning the main judgment criterion and the secondary judgment criteria:~ * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by the Simpson Biplane method,~ * Cardiac output and cardiac index by continuity equation (measurement of left ventricular outflow chamber (mm) and sub-aortic time-velocity integral (cm/s)).~ * Tricuspid Annular Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (mm)~ * S wave at the tricuspid ring (cm/s)~* Other parameters collected systematically:~ * Surface of the left ventricle (end-systolic and end-diastolic),~ * Global strain of the left ventricle~ * Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (MAPSE) (mm)~ * Left ventricular filling pressure (LVRP) (at the mitral annulus, E, A, e', S' waves, E/A ratio, E/e');~ * Maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity (m/s) to estimate systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPs) (mmHg)"