Migraine in Adolescents

Grey Matter Volume (T1) Resting state BOLD

The Thermal Sensory Analyzer (TSA-II or PATHWAY platform - Medoc, Ramat Yishai, Israel) will be used to safely deliver heat and cold stimuli. These devices can deliver relatively complex stimuli via computer control. All targeted stimulus temperatures will be less than 50°C, and participants will be free to remove their arm or leg at any time from the thermode. Noxious cold stimuli will also be delivered with a plastic water container or a water bath (FISHER, USA). Participants will be free to pull out of the water bath at any time.

Pressure stimuli will be applied by using a handheld algometer (Wagner Instruments) or the Pressure Algometer (Medoc, Ramat Yishai, Israel). These devices have a round probe that allows quantifying the amount of pressure that is being applied. The Pressure Algometer allows a real-time visual feedback to control and monitor applied pressure rates. Pressure will be applied to the lower leg, volar forearm, or trapezius.

Pain intensity and pain unpleasantness ratings will be assessed by numerical rating scale (ranging from 0- no pain/unpleasantness to- 10 or 100 the most intense/unpleasantness pain imaginable) and by mechanical and computerized visual analog scales (VAS which ranges between ''no pain sensation'' and ''most intense pain imaginable'').

Pressure will be increased continually and participants will be instructed to press a button the first moment they feel pain from the pressure stimulus.

The CPM paradigm assesses endogenous inhibitory pain modulation efficiency related to spatial filtering of nociceptive information.

Blood samples will be collected for analyses of sex hormone levels

Adolescents with migraine will complete questions regarding their headache frequency and migraine symptoms.

MRI and fMRI scans

Pubertal status will be assessed using the self-reported Physical Developmental Scale-