Water Versus Land Based Perturbation Exercises in Elderly Participants With Back Pain

Perturbation exercises: A new protocol of perturbation exercises aimed to disturb static and dynamic posture or equilibrium at primarily at body segments at hip and shoulder level were provided. The perturbation was initially started as anticipatory postural adjustment and progressed to compensatory postural adjustment, where stepping on various directions were challenged. The nature of perturbation or push or nudges applied by physiotherapists were progressed from a) self-generated to therapist applied, anticipated to unanticipated, stable to unstable platforms, static to dynamic postural tasks with loaded extremities and at higher level simple to higher cognitive tasks were also incorporated.