Effectiveness of Simulation-based Training on Transoesophageal Echocardiography Learning

"All participants of the TEE simulation-based training group received:~1. a traditional didactic training using e-learning with a national free-access online course;~2. two teaching sessions using a TEE simulator for 2 hours per session. The simulation session will involve standardized initial teaching of normal cardiac, including anatomy of mitral valve with some mitral regurgitation cases, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, interatrial septum, and left atrial appendage, and demonstration of image acquisition by the teacher (time duration: 30 min). The duration of each session was 2 h with a 6:1 student to instructor ratio. Each subject had a dedicated 20 min of hands-on to manipulate the probe and undertake a sequential TEE examination under the supervision of the teacher. Other participants could watch their colleagues working on the TEE simulator."