Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Lung Development of Alveolar Stage

The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and written informed consents were obtained from all patients. After induction of anesthesia, Rb patients were transorally intubated and mechanically ventilated. The inspiratory time, ventilation rate, positive end-expiratory pressure, and oxygen concentration were set consistently among patients. When anesthesiologist switch the peak pressure around a reasonable range, indices including tidal volume, lung compliance, mean airway pressure on ventilator screen changed and were recorded when stable. All the ventilator setting parameters followed the guidance of mechanical ventilation in neonates and children (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83738-9\_8). All the anesthesia and ventilation performance were conducted by a fully qualified senior anesthesiologist to assure standardized and safe anesthesia, ventilation and operation procedure.