Effect of Opioid-free Anesthesia on PostOperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

"Opioid-free general anesthesia protocol:~After entering the operating room, patients were given dexamethasone (5mg i.v.), atropine (0.25mg i.v.), flurbiprofen (50mg i.v.), dexmedetomidine (0.5ug/kg i.v. in 15min), and ultrasound-guided T4-5 paravertebral nerve block (0.5% Ropivacaine 20ml).~Induction of anesthesia with lidocaine (1.5mg/kg i.v.), propofol (2-3mg/kg, i.v.), rocuronium (6-8mg i.v.).~Intraoperative anesthesia was maintained by desflurane (0.5-1MAC), continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.5ug/kg/h), and lidocaine (1.5mg/kg/h).~Flurbiprofen (50 mg i.v.) given at the time of skin suture."

"Standard general anesthesia protocol:~After entering the operating room, patients were given dexamethasone (5mg i.v.), atropine (0.25mg i.v.), flurbiprofen (50mg i.v.).~Induction of anesthesia with lidocaine (1.5mg/kg i.v.), sufentanil (0.3-0.4ug/kg), propofol (2-3mg/kg, i.v.), rocuronium (6-8mg i.v. ).~Intraoperative anesthesia was maintained by desflurane (0.5-1MAC) and continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil (0.1-0.2ug/kg/min).~Flurbiprofen (50 mg i.v.) given at the time of skin suture."