Neuromodulation of the Fear Extinction Circuit Using Temporally and Anatomically Specific TMS in Humans

Research subjects will undergo non-invasive TMS, with a frequency of 20Hz and intensity of 120% of their resting motor threshold (rMT) at varying time points and locations.

"Participants will undergo a 3-day experimental paradigm. On day 1, participants will undergo a resting-state and structural scans in the fMRI scanner. The data from this scan will be used to determine the specific location of the TMS target for each participant. And participants will be aversively conditioned to two cues in the fMRI scanner. Task based and resting-state scans will occur on this day.~On day 2, subjects will undergo extinction training outside of the scanner where one of the conditioned cues will be paired with TMS in a temporally and anatomically specific manner. A resting-state scan will occur before and after inside the scanner.~On day 3, conditioned cues will be presented during the extinction recall phase of the study. This phase will be conducted in the fMRI scanner. Task-based and resting-state scans will occur on this day."